همانطور که در کتاب آیلتس از پشت عینک ممتحن ذکر شد گرامر مبحث بسیار مهمی در آموزش آیلتس به شمار میرود به همین دلیل چند مثال دیگر از نکات گرامری که برای آزمون آیلتس ضروری هستند در این قسمت آورده شده است.
زمانهای حال ساده و استمراری
حال ساده: من هر روز به مدرسه میروم. (.I go to school every day)
حال استمراری: او الان دارد کتاب میخواند. (.He is reading a book right now)
زمانهای گذشته ساده و استمراری
گذشته ساده: دیروز به سینما رفتم. (.I went to the cinema yesterday)
گذشته استمراری: او دیروز در حال خواندن کتاب بود. (.He was reading a book yesterday)
زمان آینده ساده با Will وBe going to
زمان آینده با Will: فردا به تولد دوستم خواهم رفت. (.I will go to my friend’s birthday party tomorrow)
زمان آینده با Be going to: او دارد به دانشگاه میرود. (.She is going to go to the university)
حروف تعریف A/An – The – No Article
حروف تعریف A/An: من یک کتاب دارم. (.I have a book)
حرف تعریف The: کتابی که دارم خیلی جالب است. (.The book I have is very interesting)
بدون حرف تعریف: گربهای در باغ خانه ما زندگی میکند. (.A cat lives in our house’s garden)
اسمهای مفرد و جمع
اسم مفرد: این یک دستهبندی است. (.This is a category)
اسم جمع: دستهبندیها مفرد و جمع هستند. (.Categories are singular and plural)
مقایسهای -تر و -ترین و as…as
مقایسهای -تر: او سریعتر از من دوچرخه میراند. (.He rides a bike faster than I do)
مقایسهای -ترین: او بهترین دانشآموز کلاس است. (.She is the best student in the class)
مقایسه با as…as: این کتاب به اندازه آن کتاب جالب نیست. (.This book is not as interesting as that one)
افعال کمکی مدال Modal
من میتوانم به شما کمک کنم. (.I can help you)
او باید به دکتر برود. (.She must go to the doctor)
ضمایر موصولی
او کتابی دارد که به من داده است. (.He has a book that he gave me)
این میوهها همه خوشمزه هستند. (.These fruits are all delicious)
جملات شرطی نوع صفر و یک If/Whether
اگر باران بیافتد، ما داخل خانه میمانیم. (.If it rains, we stay indoors)
ما نمیدانیم آیا اومیتی دارد یا نه. (.We don’t know whether he has a permit or not)
جملات مجهول
خودروی من سرقت شده است. (.My car has been stolen)
این کتاب توسط نویسنده معروفی نوشته شده است. (.This book was written by a famous author)
حروف اضافه برای توصیف انواع نمودارها و نقشه
در نمودار زیر، تغییرات دما نمایش داده شده است. (.In the chart below, temperature changes are shown)
این نقشه شهر را نشان میدهد و مکان مکانهای مختلف را نشان میدهد.
(This map shows the city and indicates the locations of different places.)
در وظیفه نوشتاری، میتوانید از زمان گذشته حرفهای مانند “used to” یا “would” برای بیان عادتهای گذشته استفاده کنید. مثال:
When I was a child, I used to visit my grandparents every summer.
زمان حال کامل و کامل استمراری
I have lived in this city for five years. (زمان حال کامل)
She has been studying English for three hours. (زمان حال کامل استمراری)
زمان گذشته کامل و کامل استمراری
By the time I arrived at the party, they had already eaten all the food. (زمان گذشته کامل)
When I called her, she had been sleeping for two hours. (زمان گذشته کامل استمراری)
زمان آینده استمراری و آینده کامل
This time next year, I will be working at a new job. (زمان آینده استمراری)
By 2030, they will have built a new airport in our city. (زمان آینده کامل)
مقایسهای -تر و -ترین و as …. as پیشرفته
She is more intelligent than her brother. (مقایسهای -تر)
This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted. (مقایسهای -ترین)
He is as tall as his father. (مقایسه با as…as)
مجهولات در تمام ساختارها
The book was written by an unknown author. (مجهول در زمان گذشته)
The project will be completed by the end of the month. (مجهول در زمان آینده)
جملات شرطی نوع دو و سه if/whether/unless و کلمات دیگر شرطی ساز
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (شرطی نوع دو)
She will go to the party unless she is too tired. (unless شرطی نوع)
روشهای بسط اید Adding information, Cause, Reason, Result, Example, Contrast :
Moreover, the government should invest in renewable energy sources. (Adding information)
Pollution is a major cause of environmental problems. (Cause)
Due to the heavy rain, the streets were flooded. (Reason)
As a result, the company’s profits increased significantly. (Result)
For example, in some countries, cycling is a popular mode of transportation. (Example)
In contrast to traditional farming methods, organic farming is more sustainable. (Contrast)
حروف ربطی کدامند؟ Conjunctions:
Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk. (Although)
He not only plays the guitar but also sings beautifully. (Not only… but also)
گرامر So/ Such…that:
She is so talented that she can play multiple musical instruments. (So…that)
It was such a difficult exam that most students failed. (Such…that)
حروف اضافه Prepositions:
He is interested in art. (Preposition “in”)
The book is on the table. (Preposition “on”)
اسم فعل و مصدر Gerunds and Infinitives:
I enjoy swimming in the ocean. (Gerund)
She wants to learn how to play the piano. (Infinitive)
نقلقولیها Reported Speech:
She said, “I will come to the party.” (Direct speech)
She said that she would come to the party. (Reported speech)
گرامر Too / So / Either / Neither:
He is too tired to go to the meeting.
I don’t like spicy food, and neither does my sister.
گرامر Either or / Neither nor / Both …. / Not only… but also:
Either you must finish the report, or I will do it.
Both the teacher and the students were excited about the field trip.
Not only did she pass the exam, but she also got the highest score.
ساختار جمله ساده
I like to read books.
He works in a hospital.
ساختار جمله مرکب
She studied hard because she wanted to get a high score.
They went to the park, but it started raining.
ساختار جمله پیچیده
Although it was raining heavily, they decided to go for a picnic.
After finishing her work, she went to the gym.
ساختار جمله مرکب – پیچیده
While I was driving to work, I saw an accident happen in front of me.
He can’t swim, but he wants to learn so that he can go scuba diving.
جملات شرطی پیشرفته با Unless, Provided that و Mixed conditionals:
Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
Provided that you arrive on time, you can join the meeting.
If I had known about the party, I would have come.
جملات آرزویی و پشیمانی
I wish I could speak fluent French.
If only I had studied more, I wouldn’t have failed the test.
جملات مجهول پیشرفته Need doing …:
The house needs cleaning.
The report needs to be submitted by Friday.
جملهوارههای موصولی کوتاه شده
He likes swimming; she prefers hiking.
I can play the piano; he can’t.
عبارات اسمی کوتاه شده
Running is great exercise.
Swimming in the ocean is my favorite activity.
جملات سببی
The heavy rain caused the flooding.
Her hard work led to her success.
جملات وارونه در گرامر پیشرفته (Inversions):
Not only did he finish the project on time, but he also exceeded expectations.
Only after the exam did she realize how difficult it was.
